Macroeconomic Update: Despite Q1 Setback, Lower Inflation and Fed Cuts Still Coming 

This Macroeconomic Outlook report is excerpted from the Second Quarter 2024 Fixed-Income Sector Views.

Data on U.S. economic activity was surprisingly strong this year, continuing the trend of upside surprises seen in 2023. While first quarter real gross domestic product (GDP) growth was under 2 percent annualized, underlying domestic demand (consumption and fixed investment) rose at a 3.1 percent annualized pace, similar to the prior two quarters. Job growth also continued to beat expectations, rising at an average monthly pace of 246,000 this year, versus consensus expectations of sub-100,000 when the year started. With the peak impact of Fed tightening likely behind us, the economy should continue to expand but at a more moderate rate, gradually settling toward to a 1.5–2 percent pace in 2025.

One risk to continued economic growth is a new round of Fed hawkishness, should continued progress on inflation prove elusive. The core Personal Consumption Expenditures Price Index rose at a 3.7 percent annualized pace in the first quarter, a sharp acceleration following two quarters of inflation right on top of the 2 percent target. Despite this inflation setback, our read of the totality of the data continues to suggest inflation should soon settle back down. Indicators of labor market tightness show a better supply-demand balance, with wage growth cooling, labor churn falling, and immigration-led labor force growth helping to meet labor demand. Additionally, while market measures of inflation expectations have crept back up, most surveys of consumers and businesses show expectations are still trending down, matching pricing and wage setting plans in business surveys. Although bottom-up inflation analysis has been difficult in recent months, as some categories continue to “echo” pandemic price increases, we expect housing inflation and other categories that drove first quarter inflation to moderate in coming quarters, including a big gain in imputed financial services prices.

For now, the Fed has suggested that it will address any ongoing inflationary pressures by leaving policy at current rates for longer than initially projected, rather than by increasing policy rates further. The Fed has also embraced the view that the supply side of the economy is seeing strong growth, aided by immigration and productivity. This belief has led to a shift where robust economic activity is not seen as overly problematic.

With this backdrop, our base case is for Fed patience to pay off, with inflation slowing over the next several months to a sub-2.5 percent annualized monthly pace by the fourth quarter. That should open the door for the Fed to start cutting rates later this year, offsetting the growing strains from high rates and supporting the expansion.

—By Matt Bush and Maria Giraldo

Important Notices and Disclosures

This material is distributed or presented for informational or educational purposes only and should not be considered a recommendation of any particular security, strategy or investment product, or as investing advice of any kind. This material is not provided in a fiduciary capacity, may not be relied upon for or in connection with the making of investment decisions, and does not constitute a solicitation of an offer to buy or sell securities. The content contained herein is not intended to be and should not be construed as legal or tax advice and/or a legal opinion. Always consult a financial, tax and/or legal professional regarding your specific situation.

This material contains opinions of the authors, but not necessarily those of Guggenheim Partners, LLC or its subsidiaries. The opinions contained herein are subject to change without notice. Forward-looking statements, estimates, and certain information contained herein are based upon proprietary and non-proprietary research and other sources. Information contained herein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable but are not assured as to accuracy. Past performance is not indicative of future results. There is neither representation nor warranty as to the current accuracy of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information.

Investing involves risk, including the possible loss of principal. In general, the value of a fixed-income security falls when interest rates rise and rises when interest rates fall. Longer term bonds are more sensitive to interest rate changes and subject to greater volatility than those with shorter maturities. During periods of declining rates, the interest rates on floating rate securities generally reset downward and their value is unlikely to rise to the same extent as comparable fixed rate securities. Investors in asset-backed securities, including mortgage-backed securities and collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), generally receive payments that are part interest and part return of principal. These payments may vary based on the rate loans are repaid. Some asset-backed securities may have structures that make their reaction to interest rates and other factors difficult to predict, making their prices volatile and they are subject to liquidity and valuation risk. CLOs bear similar risks to investing in loans directly, such as credit, interest rate, counterparty, prepayment, liquidity, and valuation risks. Loans are often below investment grade, may be unrated, and typically offer a fixed or floating interest rate.

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